Embraer S.A.

Hydrogen fuel cells for aircraft convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity and water on board, producing zero in‑flight carbon emissions at the point of use while powering electric motors for propulsion.[11][14] They are being developed mainly for short‑ to medium‑range aircraft where the lower energy density of compressed or liquefied hydrogen can be offset by efficiency gains and new airframe designs.[11]

Hydrogen combustion and dual‑fuel concepts adapt gas turbine engines to burn hydrogen alone or in combination with conventional jet fuel or sustainable aviation fuel, aiming to significantly reduce or eliminate carbon dioxide emissions while leveraging existing turbine technologies.[8][16] Dual‑fuel approaches allow engines to switch or blend fuels, providing flexibility where hydrogen infrastructure is limited and easing the transition for airlines and airports.[10][16]

San Diego, California