National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics

The mode of operation for solid oxide cells when used for electrolysis, typically to produce hydrogen.

These cells can operate in both fuel cell mode (producing electricity and heat) and electrolysis mode (producing hydrogen from electricity and water).

A type of fuel cell that uses a solid ceramic material as its electrolyte. It operates at high temperatures and can utilize various fuels including natural gas, biogas, and hydrogen.

France

Spain

Finland

A project demonstrating how reversible solid oxide cells can be used in innovative clean energy storage systems, operating an energy hub coupled to renewable sources to provide electricity and heat.

A project working to produce novel 1 kW SOFC stacks and proofs of concept for 10 kWe SOFC stacks.

Developing an all-European 60 kW SOFC power plant system delivering 60 per cent electrical and 85 per cent total efficiency.