Fuel cells and submarines analysis

Military defense

Major energy exporter emphasizing hydrocarbons but diversifying into hydrogen, renewables, and nuclear cooperation with China

Electrochemical devices that convert hydrogen and oxygen into electricity to power electric motors in aircraft.

United States

Germany

A submarine powered by hydrogen fuel cells that has been introduced into service by Germany.

Research program tasking the U.S. military with investigating the capabilities and benefits of hydrogen fuel for military transportation applications.

A submarine powered by hydrogen fuel cells that has been introduced into service by Germany. Represents operational deployment of hydrogen fuel cell technology for military submarine applications.