Bio‑photovoltaic systems for green hydrogen

Bio‑photovoltaic systems for green hydrogen are device concepts that use photosynthetic organisms or biohybrids as the light‑harvesting and catalytic components to convert solar energy directly into chemical fuels such as hydrogen, often by integrating living cells, enzymes, or pigments with electrodes.[1][2] The studied cyanobacterial‑polymer‑electrode platform is presented as a step toward bio‑photovoltaic systems where sunlight, water, and CO₂ are used by living cyanobacteria to generate hydrogen continuously, combining biological self‑repair with electrochemical control.[1][2]