PEMFC Control Revolution: 2-ADRC’s Game-Changer for Fuel Cell Efficiency

The article describes a new second-order Active Disturbance Rejection Control (2-ADRC) approach for PEMFC control, reporting substantial simulated benefits over existing methods. While the general principles—importance of oxygen excess ratio, the use of advanced controllers in fuel cell vehicles, and simulation-based evaluation—are widely supported in the literature, the specific quantitative results and direct simulation claims (e.g., '44% reduction in error,' '15–20% stack life extension') cannot be independently verified through public or peer-reviewed sources as of September 23, 2025. The article does, however, qualify most experimental claims as simulation results and references ongoing/pending field trials. Both versions are recent and reflect ongoing research themes, but their central novel claims should be more clearly attributed to simulations not yet validated externally.